"Football (il calcio) has constantly mirrored the political circumstances of Italy and has been regarded as a legitimate arena for activism by political actors across the spectrum: Mussolini’s PNF (Partito Nazionale Fascista), liberals, pro-catholic, and right and left organizations have all valued the game as a tool for their proselytizing (Agnew, 2006, Foot, 2006 Ginsborg, 2001; Martin, 2004, Porro, 1992). Political careers run synonymously with positions within football clubs."
Alberto Testa, Words and actions: Italian ultras and neo-fascism, Social Identities Vol. 14, No. 4, July 2008, 473-490. London: Routledge
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